Sediment deficit and morphological change of the Rhine–Meuse river mouth attributed to multi-millennial anthropogenic impacts
نویسندگان
چکیده
Many delta systems worldwide are becoming increasingly urbanized following a variety of processes, including land reclamation, embanking, major engineering and port constructions, dredging more. Here, we trace the development one system, Rhine–Meuse in Netherlands (RMD) from two natural estuaries (the RME fed by Rhine river HVL Meuse river) to densely effect human activities have had on its morphology through time. Estuary outlines determined palaeogeographical old maps tidal range at estuary mouth were used reconstruct basic parameters. Depth distribution was predicted with morphological tool. We that northern estuary, where dominate, shows stepwise deepening due for navigation. The southern shallowing as humans closed off this branch action. Both show narrowing loss intertidal width over past five centuries. total water volume has been -5.5 m3×109 since 1500 AD coinciding intervention driven rapid economic boom during mid 16th century. This led reduction areas floodplains long-term sediment shortage resulting myriad problems, increased flood risk, threats bank protection infrastructure nature areas. These problems will be exacerbated coming centuries sea-level rise. Other urban deltas, unrestricted innovations which took place more gradually earlier centuries, now undergoing changes mere decades, hundreds years RMD. Future predictions indicate 2050 RMD experience highest 3500 year history despite these only occurring vertically (deepening) not laterally (narrowing or embanking). an urgent need reconsider management spatial planning expansion fate such under climate change rising sea-levels.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Continental Shelf Research
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1873-6955', '0278-4343']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2022.104766